Which of the following may be signs of malignant lymphedema?

Malignant lymphedema is often associated with certain clinical indicators that can signal its presence, and these indicators include unexplained pain, a proximal presentation of lymphedema, and a rapid onset and progression of the condition.

Unexplained pain can suggest a more serious underlying issue as it is not typically associated with benign lymphedema, which is generally more stable and predictable in its course.

The distinction between proximal and distal presentations can also be significant; in malignant lymphedema, the involvement tends to progress in a way that may affect deeper, more proximal tissues as opposed to just the distal parts of the limb, indicating a more systemic issue.

Additionally, the rapid onset and progression of lymphedema point towards a malignant process, as benign lymphedema usually develops more gradually. A sudden change in the pattern of lymphedema often raises concern for an underlying malignancy.

Thus, considering all these signs together is essential in identifying malignant lymphedema, leading to the conclusion that all these indicators are indeed true and relevant in making such a determination.