Lymphology Association of North America (LANA) Practice Exam

Which breast reconstruction procedure does NOT use muscle tissue?

1. DIEP flap

2. Latissimus dorsi flap

3. TRAM flap

4. Axillary node flap

The correct answer is: DIEP flap

The correct choice refers to the DIEP flap procedure, which stands for Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator flap. This technique is utilized for breast reconstruction and is notable for not involving muscle tissue. Instead, it uses skin and fat from the lower abdomen, while preserving the underlying abdominal muscles. The DIEP flap is preferred in many cases because it minimizes loss of muscle function, leading to better recovery and fewer complications related to muscle weakness. The other procedures mentioned involve muscle tissue in their reconstruction methods. For example, the latissimus dorsi flap utilizes the latissimus dorsi muscle from the back along with overlying skin and fat. The TRAM (Transverse Rectus Abdominis Muscle) flap uses a portion of the rectus abdominis muscle along with skin and fat from the abdominal area. The axillary node flap is less commonly referred to in breast reconstruction and typically involves lymph node tissue; however, it may also involve muscle or adjacent structures, thereby not fitting the criteria of not using muscle tissue like the DIEP flap does. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in breast reconstruction, as the choice of technique can significantly influence patient outcomes and rehabilitation. The DIEP flap is particularly favored for its ability to provide aesthetic