Lymphology Association of North America (LANA) Practice Exam

What type of edema is characterized by its greater distally than proximally?

1. Symmetrical pitting edema

2. Asymmetrical pitting edema

3. Non-pitting edema

4. Localized edema

The correct answer is: Symmetrical pitting edema

The type of edema characterized by being greater distally than proximally is symmetrical pitting edema. This form of edema typically occurs uniformly on both sides of the body and is characterized by the presence of soft, compressible tissue that retains an indentation when pressed. The greater severity of this edema noted in distal areas, such as the ankles and feet, as compared to the proximal areas, aligns with common clinical observations. Pitting edema, whether symmetrical or asymmetrical, leads to the appearance of indentations when pressure is applied, which signifies that the tissue fluid can be displaced with external force. In symmetrical pitting edema, this characteristic is present on both sides of the body in a similar manner, which is crucial for recognizing the pattern of fluid distribution. In contrast, the other forms of edema listed do not fit the description effectively. Asymmetrical pitting edema may occur in one limb or part of the body and can result from localized conditions, while non-pitting edema does not leave an indentation due to increased protein content or fibrotic changes in the affected tissues. Localized edema is generally confined to a specific area and does not demonstrate the distal-to-proximal severity pattern highlighted in the question.