Lymphology Association of North America (LANA) Practice Exam

What key indication would suggest a diagnosis of lymphedema rather than simple swelling?

1. Bilateral swelling

2. Pitting on assessment

3. Swelling that improves with elevation

4. Asymmetrical swelling

The correct answer is: Asymmetrical swelling

Asymmetrical swelling is a key indication that suggests a diagnosis of lymphedema rather than simple swelling because lymphedema typically presents with swelling that is unilateral, affecting only one limb or area of the body. This asymmetry occurs due to the underlying dysfunction in the lymphatic system, which leads to an accumulation of lymph fluid in the affected region when the lymphatic drainage is impaired. In contrast, simple swelling, such as that caused by fluid retention or injury, is often bilateral and tends to occur symmetrically in the body. In terms of the other options, bilateral swelling is generally indicative of more systemic issues or generalized fluid retention rather than a localized problem like lymphedema. Pitting edema, where pressure applied to the swollen area leaves a temporary indent, commonly occurs with various conditions but is not specific to lymphedema. Swelling that improves with elevation suggests a transient condition, where gravity facilitates drainage, which is not characteristic of lymphedema, where elevation may have less impact on the swelling.