Lymphology Association of North America (LANA) Practice Exam

What is a possible complication associated with chronic congestion of the skin and subcutaneous tissue?

1. Skin cancer

2. Hypertrophic scars

3. Lipodermatosclerosis

4. Cellulitis

The correct answer is: Lipodermatosclerosis

Chronic congestion of the skin and subcutaneous tissue can lead to various complications, among which lipodermatosclerosis is notable. This condition is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the subcutaneous tissue, often resulting from long-term venous dysfunction and insufficient lymphatic drainage. The sustained congestion can cause the skin to become thickened and indurated, leading to a hard and woody texture in the affected areas. Lipodermatosclerosis is often seen in individuals with chronic venous insufficiency and is considered a part of the spectrum of venous disease. It presents as a change in the appearance of the skin, typically on the lower legs, and can be accompanied by symptoms like pain and heaviness. In contrast, while the other options might be associated with skin conditions, they do not arise directly from chronic congestion within the same context. For example, skin cancer can develop for various reasons including UV exposure, and hypertrophic scars relate to wound healing and tissue remodeling rather than chronic venous insufficiency. Cellulitis involves an acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, which is not a direct consequence of chronic skin and tissue congestion. Understanding these conditions helps clarify the implications of chronic congestion and the significance of early intervention in managing lymphatic