Lymphology Association of North America (LANA) Practice Exam

Lymphedema caused by malformations of the lymphatic system is known as?

1. Phlebolymphedema

2. Lipo-lymphedema

3. Secondary lymphedema

4. Primary lymphedema

The correct answer is: Primary lymphedema

Primary lymphedema refers to lymphedema that arises from congenital malformations or developmental issues within the lymphatic system itself. This condition can be present at birth or develop later in life, often during puberty or pregnancy. The underlying causes may include abnormalities in the number or function of lymphatic vessels, leading to ineffective lymph drainage and subsequent swelling. In contrast, secondary lymphedema results from external factors that affect the lymphatic system, such as surgery, radiation therapy, trauma, or infection. Thus, lymphedema that is caused specifically by intrinsic issues with the lymphatic system is classified as primary lymphedema. Phlebolymphedema and lipo-lymphedema refer to different conditions where lymphedema is a secondary complication associated with venous insufficiency and adipose tissue deposition, respectively. These do not stem from lymphatic malformations themselves but rather develop as a result of other underlying conditions or diseases. Hence, the designation for lymphedema due to malformations in the lymphatic system is accurately identified as primary lymphedema.